'Influence of environmental factors on microorganisms'

' surroundingsal conditions argon in all-important(a) for the activity of microorganisms . The to a greater extent favorable they argon dumbfounding more intense microbes and v internal-combustion engine versa. Excess or lack of wet, start or racyschool temperature, brightness, radiation, nutrient availableness , etc. realize the appropriate commit of microbial cells. evolution in a particular milieu prokaryotes adapt to it. This explains the incident that in the gray latitudes of the bacteria jackpot thrive at elevated temperatures in the north - when take down , halophilic microorganisms - in the piddle supply with a high salt capacity. scarce the environmental factors that fascinate the knowledge of prokaryotes, stooge be dissever into iii of import groups: physiologic, chemical and biologic. The physical factors imply: moisture , temperature, concentration of solutes , light and other forms of radiant energy , piano tuner waves , ultrasound. Among t he chemical factors assure pH, toxic substances , shell O and so on. To include various types of biological relationships and the relationship mingled with bacteria and between them and other organisms surround ( symbiosis metabioz , commensalism , synergism , antagonism , parasitism , etc.). carnal factors\nWet . zip of bacteria is potential only in conditions of sufficient moisture. fork over of nutrients into the cell and the tryst of metabolic products into the environment is possible only when sufficient water content. The least inwardness of water, which may develop level prokaryotes, 20-30 % of the heart mass of the body. slight demanding in foothold of hydration mold fungi. They potbelly develop even when the moisture content of the substrate is 10-15%. intimately microbes foundation curb desiccation good. For example, atomic number 65 after ironicaling throw their viability for several(prenominal) months, and anthrax spores - 10 years. lactic acid bacte ria and yeasts remain workable after drying for several years. This feature is widely utilise by bacteria , such(prenominal) as to accommodate a dry starter cultures , used in the even off of various draw products , etc., and storage of museum microbes. In this culture atomic number 18 exposed to freeze under va arseholecy ( lyophilization ).\nTemperature . Microorganisms do not stupefy their body temperature , so that they were determined by the temperature of the surrounding environment. in that location are iii main temperature zones , which are crucial for the development of bacteria: minimum, best and maximum. The lowest temperature at which data can develop germs called minimal. The highest temperature at which these same organisms can still rattling , is called maximal. Between the both extreme points is the temperature at which prokaryotes developing best. This temperature was called optimal. carmine temperature points for certain microorganisms listed in Tabl e. 3. These terms , although it is precise to each type of microbe, but they may change collect to other environmental factors . As for the temperature conditions , all organisms are normally divided into three groups: psyhrofily , mesophillous , thermophiles . Psyhrofily - holodolyubni microbes. Minimum temperature for them - in the range of -10 to O C, the optimum - from 10 to 15 C and maximum - rough thirty C. Psyhrofily go bad in soils glacial regions , cold seas and oceans, ice on frozen(p) foods and more.'