Translate WATSON’S THEORY OF HUMAN CARING AND SUBJECTIVE LIVING EXPERIENCES Essay Example for Free

Translate WATSONS THEORY OF HUMAN sympathize with AND SUBJECTIVE LIVING EXPERIENCES EssayA TEORIA DO CUIDADO HUMANO DE WATSON E AS EXPERINCIAS SUBJETIVAS DE VIDA FATORES CARITATIVOS/CARITAS PROCESSES COMO UM GUIA DISCIPLINAR PARA A PRTICA PROFISSIONAL DE ENFERMAGEMLA TEORA DEL CUIDADO HUMANO DE WATSON Y LAS EXPERIENCIAS SUBJETIVAS DE VIDA FACTORES CARITATIVOS/CARITAS PROCESSES COMO UNA GUA DISCIPLINAR PARA LA PRCTICA PROFESIONAL DE ENFERMERA jean Watson2This manuscript make ups upon a previous publication with modifications Watson J. Carative factors, Caritas processes guide to nonrecreational soul nur ripple. Danish Clinical Nursing Journal. 2006 20 (3) 21-7. 2PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN. Distinguished Professor of Nursing Murchinson-Scoville Endowed Chair in Caring comprehension, in the University of cobalt Denver and Health Sciences Center, USA. Web www.uchsc.edu/ draw/ flush 1KEYWORDS Teoria deenfermagem. Prtica profissional. Cuidados de enfermagem. Enfermagem.ABSTRACT This article provides an overview of Watsons theory of benevolent Caring, the notion of Caritas and tender phenomena. Special emphasis is placed upon the supposed structure of tender fondness theory referred to as 10 Carative Factors/Caritas Processes and unobjective living processes and experiences. These core conceptual aspects of the theory and tenderkindekind living processes ar grounded within the philosophical and honorable foundation ofthe body of my caring theory work. unitedly they serve as a guide for professional practice, as well as a disciplinary blueprint for the Science of Care.PALAVRAS-CHAVE Nur- RESUMO Este artigo fornece uma viso geral da teoria de Cuidado Humano de Watson, a noo de Caritas e sing theory. Professional practi- o fenmeno gentleo. Uma nfase especial dada sobre os 10 Fatores Caritativos/Caritas Processes, os processos de viver humano e as experincias subjetivas de vida que fazem parte da estrutura da teoria. Estes aspectos ce. Nursing ca re. Nursing.centrais dos conceitos da teoria e processos de viver so desenvolvidos na fundamentao filosfica e tica do corpo da Teoria de Cuidado. Juntos, eles servem como um guia para a prtica profissional, bem como, um esquema disciplinar para a Cincia do Cuidado.PALABRAS CLAVE Teoriade enfermera. Prctica profesional. Atencin de enfermera. Enfermera.RESUMEN El presente artculo ofrece una visin general sobre la teora del Cuidado Humano de Watson, la nocin de Caritas y el fenmeno humano. En este estudio se da un nfasis especial a los diez factores Caritativos/Caritas Processes, a los procesos del vivir humano y a las experiencias subjetivas de vida, los cuales forman parte de la estructura de la teora. Los aspectos centrales de los conceptos de la teora y los procesos del vivir son desarrollados en el fundamento filosfico y tico del cuerpo de la teora de Cuidado todos esos aspectos juntos sirven como una gua para la prctica profesional, as como tambin un esquema disciplinar para la C iencia del Cuidado.Endereo Jean WatsonUniversity of Colorado Denver and Health Sciences Center80262 Denver, Colorado, USA.Email emailprotectedTexto Contexto Enferm, Florianpolis, 2007 Jan-Mar 16(1) 129-35.Artigo authorized Reflexo tericaRecebido em 15 de agosto de 2006.Aprovao final 23 de fevereiro de 2007. 130 innovationThe origin of the original theory of humancaring was my offset printing book Nursing the philosophyand attainment of caring.1 This first work was publishedbefore there was formal attention to cherish theory asthe disciplinary foundation for care for acquaintance, education, and practice. The origin of the theory of human caring wasfirst work emerged from my pursuance to bring new means and high-handedness to the world of nursing and patient care and to the inside(a) ingrained life experiences of self and some other(prenominal).249 It also served to provide an honourablephilosophical foundation for the deeply human dimensions of nursing.The theoret ical concepts were derived andemerged from, my personal/professional experiencesthey were clinic in every last(predicate)y inducted, empirically groundedand combined with my philosophical, intellectual,and experiential background.Thus, the early workemerged from my own determine, precepts, perceptions andexperiences about rhetorical and ineffable questions,e.g. what does it mean to be human? What does itmean to care?What does it mean to heal? What doesit mean to get down k instantaneouslyledge and practices about lifephenomena and indwelling human experiences? Whatis a living philosophical context for exploring nursingand life meaning in health and illness?Questions and views of personhood, life, death,change, health, healing, caring, wholeness, pain, suffering, and so on, were command my quest to identify a fashion model for nursing as a distinct entity, profession,discipline and science in its own right, assort from, precisely complementary to care for.1 My views wereheigh tened by my load to the professional roleand mission of nursing its ethical covenant with parliamentary law as sustaining human caring in honoring the lived experience of self and other in pursuit to preservehumanity, nevertheless when threatened attending to and helping to sustain human dignity, angiotensin converting enzyme of iodineness of be, to hold the other in their wholeness, even when theycould not feel whole themselves.These are all activitieswhich transcend illness, diagnosis, condition, setting,and so on, and are enduring and eternal across timeand space and changes in indian lodge and science.Since then, the original work has expand andevolved through a generation of other theory-basedbooks on caring that followed Nursing human science and human care, a theoryofnursing.Connecticut(USA)Appleton/Century/ Crofts. Reprinted/republished, New York (NY/USA)Watson JNational alliance for Nursing 1988. Reprinted/republished, Massach workouttts (USA) Jones Bartlett 1999 .3 Postmodern sursing and seyond. Edinburgh(Scotland) Churchill-Livingstone. Reprinted/republished, Harcourt-Brace/Elsevier 1999.4 Caring science as sacred science. Philadelphia(USA) FA Davis 2005.5The first book Nursing the philosophy andscience of caring1 provided the original core andstructure for the Theory of Human Caring 10 CarativeFactors. These factors were identified as the essentialaspects of caring in nursing, without which perhapsnurses were not practicing professional nursing, plainlywere functioning as technicians or skilled workerswithin the dominant framework of medical technocure science. The split second book Nursing human science and human care, a theory of nursing3 spread out upon the philosophical, transpersonal aspects of acaring moment as the core framework this focus placedthe ideas to a greater extent(prenominal) overtly within a broader context ofethics, art and even metaphysics- religious, as deeper living phenomena within which nursing bes, but of ten does not name, nor contrive, nor act on.As it has been pointed out in postmodern discourse today if a profession does not harbor its own language it does not exist, thus it is important to name, claim, articulate and act upon the phenomena of nursingand caring and the subjectively echt living experiences ofself and other this focus for nursing and caring scienceis essential if nursing is to fulfill its mandate and raison dtre for existing in science and society. This work makes to a greater extent explicit that if nursing is to survive into this millennium then it has to sustain and make explicit its covenant with the public which accepts knowledge, values, ethicsand skilled practices of caring, healing, health, and living phenomena of human experiences.ThethirdbookPostmodernnursingandbeyond4brought a focus to the professional paradigm which isgrounded in ontology of relations and an ethical-ontological foundation before the conventional epistemology of science and technolog y.The need to clarify the ontologicalfoundation of Being-in-Relation within a Caring paradigm the unity of understandingbody tang/field was the focus of this work, going beyond the outdated separatist ontologyof modern, Era I medical industrial recalling.It is here in this book that the spiritual andevolved energetic aspects of caring consciousness and learnedity and human presence and personal phylogeny of the practitioner became more developed.This evolution was placed within the emerging post modernTexto Contexto Enferm, Florianpolis, 2007 Jan-Mar 16(1) 129-35.Watsons theory of human caring and subjective living experiences 131 cosmology of healing, wholeness, oneness which is anhonoring of the unity of all, and the living experiencesand life phenomena in which nursing dwells.My nearly recent theoretical book Caring science as sacred science5 was selected as an AJN Book of the Year Award (2006) in the category of researchit expands further upon the original work on caring,no w placing Caring Science within an ethical-moralphilosophical evolved scientific context, guided by the works of Emmanual Levinas (French)6 andKnud Logstrup (Danish).7 This a la mode(p) work seeks ascience model that reintegrates metaphysics with thephysical domain, and re-invites Ethics-of Belonging,(to infinite field of Universal Cosmic Love) as beforeand underneath Being-by-Itself alone this view isdifferent, and separate from, the broader universalfield of infinity, to which we all belong and drop dead tofrom earth plane.This latest work brings a decidedlysacred dimension to the work of caring, making moreexplicit that living human experiences are a phenomena with spiritual and philosophical-ethical-moral dimensions reminding us that we dwell in mystery.We dwell in mystery because we are working withthe living processes, the life force, life energy, the intelligence if you will of some other person.This focus makes more explicit that relational,existential-spiritual human car ing dimensions andthe deeply life processes, the deeper meaning of lifeare part of the inner healing transit we make withself and others on this earth plane loss this happens when we are practicing within a caring-healing model. When we are conscious of an expanded cosmology and expanded deeper moral-ethicalfoundation as the nature of caring and human livingprocesses, we take in to arrive at a new fellow feeling and humility. We are asked to acknowledge a need for wisdom, even to surrender, to that whichis greater than Self, and the outer world controls,that often we think we have.With that background of my major books onCaring theory, Philosophy, and Caring Science therest of this paper will phrase several of the conceptual aspects of the work the core of the original work in context of its evolution outlining the 10Carative Factors (CF).DEVELOPMENTThe Caritas Processes (CP) are juxtaposed againstthe original Carative Factors. The Caritas Processes arean extension of the other which have evolved CP are mean to offer a more fluid language for understanding a deeper level of CF which get the deeper dimensions of living processes of human experiences.The original terms and concepts of the Carative Factors needed to evolve as they seemed too set in the language of the earlier era, although still relevant.Nevertheless, in this article, I am using the twoforms almost interchangeable. However, Caritas makesmore explicit the connection between Caring andLove and human living processes.These aspects aremore bad in my last book on caring science.5Some exemplars of how the work in used as aguide to transforming practices within the contextof living processes are included in niche 1.Box 1 10 Carative factors and caritas processes.Original 10 Carative Factors, juxtaposedagainst the emerging Caritas Processes/Carative FactorsCaritas Processes1. Humanistic Altruistic Values.1. Practicing Loving-kindness Equanimity for self and other.2. Instilling/enabling Faith H ope.2. Being authentically present to/enabling/sustaining/honoring deep belief system and subjective world of self/other.3. Cultivation of aesthesia to ones self and other.3. Cultivating of ones own spiritual practices deepening selfawareness, going beyond ego self.4. Development of helping-trusting, humancaring family relationship.4. Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authenticcaring relationship.5. Promotion and acceptance of expression ofpositive and veto feelings.5. Being present to, and supportive of, the expression ofpositive and negative feelings as a connection with deeperspirit of self and the one-being-cared-for.6. Systematic use of scientific (creative) problemsolving caring process.6. Creatively using presence of self and all ways of knowing/ multiple ways of Being/doing as part of the caring process loving in artistry of caring-healing practices.Texto Contexto Enferm, Florianpolis, 2007 Jan-Mar 16(1) 129-35. 132 7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learn ing.8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/orcorrective mental, social, spiritual environment.9. Assistance with enjoyment of human needs.10. Allowance for existential-phenomenologicalspiritual dimensions.Watson J7. Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experiences thatattend to whole person, their meaning attempting to staywithin others frame of reference.8. Creating healing environment at all levels (physical, nonphysical, discriminating environment of energy and consciousness whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity and peace arepotentiated.9. Assisting with basic needs, with an intentional, caringconsciousness of pinch and working with embodied spiritof individual, honoring unity of Being provideing for spiritual emergence.10. Opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious, inexplicableexistential dimensions of life-death attending to soul care for self and one- being- cared- for.These 10 original Carative Factors remain asthe timeless structural core of the The ory, whileallowing for their evolving and emergence intomore fluid aspects of the model captured by the 10Caritas Processes.In introducing the original concepts of Carative Factors as core for a nursing philosophy and science, I was offering a theoretical counterpointto notion of Curative so dominant in medical science. Thus, the Carative Factors helped to define a framework to hold the discipline and professionof nursing they were informed by a deeper visionand ethical commitment to the human dimensions /living processes of caring in nursing the art and human science context. I was seeking toaddress those aspects of professional nursing thattranscended medical diagnosis, disease, setting,limited and changing knowledge and technology ofspecialized foci. What system as core?10 CarativeFactors (embellished by philosophical-ethic andvalue of Caritas consciousness).In moving from the concept of Carative, toCaritas I was making an overt evocation of loveand caring to merge for an expand ed paradigm toconnect with the existential-spiritual dimensionsand living processes of human experiences.Sucha perspective ironically places nursing in its mostmature paradigm, while reconnecting with inheritanceand foundation of Nightingale which is the spiritualliving processes of our humanity.With Caritas incorporated more explicitlyinto my work, it locates the theory within an ethicaland ontological contact as starting point for enumerateing not only if its science, but its societal human caring mission. This direction makes a more formalconnection between caring and healing and theevolved human consciousness of living subjectiveexperiences and life phenomena. The backgroundfor this work is published on my website. See www.uchsc.edu/nursing/caring for more information.8CONTEXT FOR CARATIVE/CARITASPROCESSESThe Carative Factors/Caritas Processes arenot complete without acknowledging the worldview and philosophical context which holds the concepts. For example a cosmology of onen ess ofBeing phenomenal field which honors the subjective-intersubjective inner life world, transpersonal caring relationship, caring author and caringmoment.These wider dimensions serve to remindthat any nurse patient encounter can be considered a caring occasion wherein a caring moment can be created and experienced, depending uponthe consciousness, intentionality, and philosophical (theoretical) orientation which is guiding the nurse.2 A caring moment transcends time and spaceand continues as part of larger complex bod oflife of both nurse and patient.Narrative related to Ten Carative Factors1Humanistic altruistic system of valuesCaring is grounded on a set of universalhumanistic altruistic values.Humanistic valuesinclude kindness, empathy, concern, and love forself and others. They derive from childhood experiences and are enhanced by beliefs, cultures and art. Altruistic values arise from commitments to andsatisfaction from receiving through giving.Theybring meaning to ones life through ones belief andrelationships with other people. Humanistic-altruistic feelings and acts provide the basis of human Texto Contexto Enferm, Florianpolis, 2007 Jan-Mar 16(1) 129-35.Watsons theory of human caring and subjective living experiences 133 caring and promote the best professional care, andas much(prenominal), constitute the first and most basic factorfor science and ethic of caring.Developing helping trusting, caring relationshipThe human caring relationship is transpersonal.in that it connotes a special kind of relationship aconnection with the other person, a spunky regard forthe whole person and their Being-in-the-world.In thetranspersonal human caring relationship, the nurse enters into the experience of another person, and another can enter into the nurses experiences. It is an ideal ofintersubjectivity in which both persons are involved.It is an art in which the nurse forms a union with theother, connecting with the spirit-filled person, behindthe patient , that transcends the physical. This connection honors the upmost concern for human dignity and preservation of humanity.Enabling and sustaining doctrine and hopeThe history of medicine is replete with documentation of the importance of a persons belief in faith and hope. For example, Hippocrates thoughtthat an ill persons mind and soul should be inspiredbefore ones illness was treated.IN many otherexamples, medicine itself was secondary to magic,incantations, spells, and prayers. In this CarativeFactor, patients beliefs are encouraged, honoredand respected as significant influences in promoting and maintaining health.Regardless of what scientific regimen is required for medical care of aperson, the nurse should nurture faith and hope andthe deep belief system of the one-being- cared for.Even when there is nothing left to do medically,the nurse nurtures a patients faith and hope insomething or someone beyond his or her self.Sensitivity to self and otherTo be human is to feel.All to o often peopleallow themselves to think their thoughts, but notfeel their feelings. The only way to develop sensitivity to ones self and to others is to recognize and feel ones feelings.The development of self and the nurturingof judgment, taste, values, and sensitivity in human relationships evolve from emotional states.The development of feeling is encouraged by thehumanities and compassionate life experiences.Sensitivity to self is the recognition and acknowledgement of feelings painful as well as happy ones. It is cultivated by looking into oneself and awillingness to explore ones own feelings.Peoplewho are not in the buff to and repress their own feelings may be unable to allow others to express and explore their feelings. Sensitivity to self not onlyleads to self-acceptance and psychological growth,but to sensitivity and acceptance of others.Nurses who are sensitive to others are transgressable to learn about anothers view of the worldwhich, subsequently, increases concern for others comfort, recovery, and wellness. Nurses who recognize and use their sensitivity promote selfdevelopment and self-actualization, and are able to encourage the same growth in others. Without thisfactor nursing care would fall.Texto Contexto Enferm, Florianpolis, 2007 Jan-Mar 16(1) 129-35.Promoting and accepting the expression ofpositive and negative feelings and emotionsBecause feelings after thoughts, behavior, andexperiences, they need to need to be admitand considered in the human caring process.Afocus on feelings and the non-rational emotional aspects of an event is necessary for nurses employed in the human caring process. The caringrelationship can move to a deeper, more seriousand authentic level if he nurse allows for this CF.Further, in listening to and honoring anotherpersons feelings we honor their story which holdsmeaning and importance for them and their healing. By listening to another persons story, it may be the greatest healing act we can offer.It may bet he nurse who is the only one who listens to andhonors anothers story and all the magnitude offeelings that accompany it.Engaging in creative, individualized, problemsolving caring process Professional nursing employs the nursingprocess, which is a creative, problem-solvingmethod to assist with decision making in all nursing situations. A creative approach acknowledges that nurses use all ways of know/being/doing inengaging in clinical caring. Nursing problems solving in not a linear one to one process, but often the nurse walks into a patients room and graspsthe gestalt development the field, in the instant.This process involves full use of self and all ofones faculties, knowledge, instincts, intuition,aesthetics, technology, skills, empirics, ethics,personal and even spiritual knowing. In a caringscience model for practice, all knowledge is valu- 134 able and accessed for clinical caring. The processinvites creative imagination as well as systematicscientific logic and technolog y.Transpersonal Teaching-LearningNurses have a long history about the educational-teaching role however there has been more emphasis on conveying information rather thana conscious intentionality to engage in authenticprocesses and relationships of mutuality and reciprocity, in that the nurse seeks to work from the patients frame of reference, grasping the meaningand significance of the information for the person,as well as the readiness and timeliness for the personto receive the information.This CF makes explicitthat learning is more than just receiving information and data. It involves a caring relationship as context for any teaching learning. This CF evolvestoward more of a coaching role in which the personbecomes their own best teacher, in wrinkle to aconventional imparting- of- information role.Provision of supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environmentThe purpose of providing such an environment is quality care and also heali ng/wholeness.The areas that involve this factor are comfort secretiveness safety clean aesthetic surroundings.Nurses often have a great deal of control ofthe environment, but without a consciousness oftheir obligations to take systematical responsibilityfor the environment to protect, support and/orcorrect the patient.More late this factor has taken on entirelynew meaning. In addition to acknowledging the environment as a functional, physical place to attend to in conventional way, one now is invited to considerthe nurse as influencing the patterns for example,using theory as guide to environment one can thinkof the nurse as repatterning the environment topromote healing, harmony, and use of caring-healing modalities to assist in patterning a more healing environment e.g. imagery, visualization, relaxation,music-sound, intentional touch, art and so forth.9,5An even more expanded view of environment developed by Quinn9 and expanded by Watson5 suggests and invites us to consider the nurse as the environment. In this evolved framework we are invited toWatson Jconsider the practitioner and his/her evolved caringconsciousness, presence, intentionality, and so forth,as the critical ingredient in the environment.5In this view, then we have to turn towardthe practitioner and the Nurse Self as an energetic,vibrational field, integral with the patient and outerenvironment.This is a unitary, caring science viewof environment and raises new questions inspiredby Quinn,9 for Caring Science Environment.594 If I am the environment, how can I Be a morecaring-healing environment? How can I Become a safe space, a sacredvessel for this patient and his/her inner healingjourney? In what ways can I look at, into this person(how am I to face this other) to draw out healing/wholeness? How can I use my consciousness, my Being,my presence, my voice, my touch, my face, myhands, my heart for healing?Environment now takes on entirely differentmeaning with this evolved view, moving beyond physical environment, and having to pay attentionto the nurse and his/her caring consciousness affecting the entire field. Assisting with gratification of Basic Human Needs,while preserving human dignity and wholenessAssistance with anothers basic needs givesnurses access to the physical body in a very intimateway. As such it is a privilege and great gift to societyto take care of others when in need of care. In a Caring Science model it is hold that the nurse however is not just touching one physical body or collision physical needs, but noting that when touching another we are not touching just the body, but embodied spirit. It is also made explicit in thiswork that all needs are unified and mutualistall needs are equally important and must be valuedand responded to for caring-healing.Allowing for, being establish to, existential-phenomenological and spiritual dimensions of caring and healingThis last CF brings up the phenomenon ofthe unknowns, which cannot be explained scientif ically, through the Western mind of modern medicine. This CF allows for mystery and philosophical, Texto Contexto Enferm, Florianpolis, 2007 Jan-Mar 16(1) 129-35.Watsons theory of human caring and subjective living experiencesmetaphysical aspects of human experiences andphenomena which do not conform to conventionalviews of science and rational thinking. Neverthelessthese unknowns are real to those affected. This CFallows for spiritual filled meanings and unknownsto emerge open to infinite possibilities for miracles.This CF honors spirit- filled meanings, cultural beliefs, myths, and metaphors and inner subjective life world of nurse and patients and families, allowingcures and miraculous cures and healings.CONCLUSIONFinally this framework for Caring Scienceand practices proposes that nursing, individuallyand collectively, contributes to the preservation ofhumanity and seeks to sustain caring in instanceswhere it is threatened. The Carative Factors/Caritas Processes serve as structu re and send fora theoretical philosophical foundation for thediscipline and profession of nursing. The moralideals and caring factors and processes proposedfoster the evolution and deepening of humankindand serve to sustain humanity.Texto Contexto Enferm, Florianpolis, 2007 Jan-Mar 16(1) 129-35. 135 REFERENCES1 Watson J. Nursing the philosophy and science ofcaring. capital of Massachusetts (USA) Little Brown 1979. Boulder(Colorado/USA) Colorado Associated UniversityPress reprinted 1985.2 Watson J, The theory of human caring retrospectiveand prospective. Nursing Science Quarterly. 1997Mar 10 (1) 49-52.3 Watson J. Nursing human science and human carea theory of nursing. Connecticut (USA) AppletonCentury Crofts 1985. New York (USA) National League for Nursing reprinted 1988. Massachusetts(USA) Jones and Bartlett reprinted 1999.4 Watson J. Postmodern nursing and beyond. Edinburgh(Scotland)Churchill-Livingstone.NewYork(NY/USA)Harcourt-Brace/Elsevier reprinted 1999.5 Watson J. Caring sc ience as sacred science. Philadelphia(USA) FA Davis 2005.6 Levinas E. Totality infinity. Pittsburgh (PA) Duquesne University 1969.7 Logstrup K. The ethical demand. Notre Dame (Indiana/USA) University of Notre Dame 1997.8 Watson J. Theory of human caring acesso em 2006 Nov11.Disponvelemhttp//www.uchsc.edu/nursing/caring9 Quinn J. Holding sacred space the nurse as healingenvironment.HolisticNursingPractice1992Apr6(4)26-35.